Fall 2004 Course Descriptions

All courses below are approved to be taught in Fall 2004; however, some (or all) may not be offered this term.  The course numbers that are offered this term link to the Schedule of Classes.  Classes with alternative delivery modes (Web based, cable TV, correspondence, etc) are noted in the Schedule at the section level.  The complete list below is a good indicator of what may be offered over the next few years (contact department about offerings).  For explanations of course elements see the Key to Course Descriptions.

Geosciences (GEOS)  Department Info

GEOS 194 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 195A -- Evolution and History of the Earth  (1 unit)
Description:  Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons, usually in a small group setting. Designed to give students insight into the concepts and practices which typify different academic disciplines, and introduce students to the methods and standards of the discipline for discovering new knowledge, the values which characterize the field of study, advances in the field, impact on society, and career opportunities.  This is a First-Year Colloquium Course.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 195D -- A Sense of Place  (1 unit)
Description:  Students are introduced to the geology and ecology of Tucson and surrounding mountain ranges, including interactions between past and present societies and our desert environment. Four Saturday field trips (one per month) are scheduled during the semester, each emphasizing a particular region with its unique geological and biological aspects. A Tuesday evening class meeting will take place prior to each Saturday field trip.  This is a First-Year Colloquium Course.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 195E -- Future Energy Supplies  (1 unit)
Description:  Global energy requirements are increasing with population and technical sophistication, while the major sources of energy are finite. Moreover, our dominant energy sources have environmental consequences. We now understand that alternative, renewable energy sources necessarily lie in our future. In this colloquium we examine the present energy quandary, and consider alternative energy sources in the decades ahead. Students will make future-energy-related oral presentations at semester’s end.  This is a First-Year Colloquium Course.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 199 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 210 -- Environmental Geology  (3 units)
Description:  A geological perspective on current environmental problems, their causes and possible solutions. Focus on surface processes, geohazards, natural resources, and global systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 212 -- Introduction to Oceanography  (3 units)
Description:  Introduces the oceans and their geological, physical, chemical and biological processes with emphasis on their history and formation and the interactions of humans with the marine environment.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 218 -- Geological Disasters and Society  (3 units)
Description:  Geological catastrophes (earthquakes, meteorite impacts, flooding) are important processes in shaping the Earth. This course will acquaint students with the scientific principles governing these catastrophes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 220 -- Environmental History of the Southwest  (3 units)
Description:  Environmental and cultural history of the Southwest emphasizing discovery of the past using historical science techniques of tree-ring and packrat midden analyses and repeat photography.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 251 -- Physical Geology  (4 units)
Description:  Introduction to Earth's materials; surface and internal geologic processes; plate tectonics; and geologic time. Includes practical experience in rock and mineral identification, topographic maps, and supplied problems in geosciences.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 256 -- Computer Applications in Geosciences  (3 units)
Description:  Emphasizes computer skills in the Macintosh and Unix environments specific to geosciences. Students will become familiar with spreadsheets, graphics applications, mathematical tools and geologic databases.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 294 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 299 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 299H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 302 -- Principles of Stratigraphy and Sedimentation  (4 units)
Description:  Basic principles and methods of stratigraphic analysis; sedimentation and depositional environments, facies relations, evaluation of unconformities, stratigraphic classification and nomenclature, correlation, and dynamics of basin fill.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Special exam:  course may be taken by special exam for credit and grade.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 304 -- Structural Geology  (4 units)
Description:  Description and analysis of geologic structures of deformational origin; stereographic and experimental work in lab; structure and mapping in the field.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 306 -- Mineralogy  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of crystallography, crystal-chemistry, X-ray diffraction and optical mineralogy. Phase diagrams and phase transitions in the Earth's mantle. Systematic mineralogy. Atomic structure, and physical and optical properties of common rock forming minerals. Identification of minerals and determination of mineral compositions.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103A, CHEM 104A, GEOS 251.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 308 -- Paleontology  (3 units)
Description:  Basic principles and concepts; morphology and classification of fossils; their occurrence, distribution, geologic and evolutionary significance.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 308.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 310 -- Geosciences Communication  (1-3 units)
Description:  Basic writing and/or speaking skills in the geosciences. Writing and rewriting and/or speaking assignments and/or participation in Geodaze. Must take writing portion first/concurrently.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE).
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 322 -- Introduction to Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Physical principles applied to problems in earth science including seismology, gravity, magnetics, heat flow, plate tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251; Concurrent registration, MATH 124 or MATH 125.
Special exam:  course may be taken by special exam for credit and grade.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 330 -- Introduction to Remote Sensing  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to remote sensing principles, techniques, and applications, designed principally for those with no background in the field.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GEOG 330; GEOG is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 346 -- Mineral and Energy Resources  (3 units)
Description:  History of the impact of minerals and metals on development of society and civilization, uniqueness of resources, current situation and problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  junior standing.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 346H -- Mineral and Energy Resources  (3 units)
Description:  History of the impact of minerals and metals on development of society and civilization, uniqueness of resources, current situation and problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  junior standing.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 356 -- Petrology  (4 units)
Description:  Introduction to methods of optical mineralogy and petrography. Classification, compositions, structure, distribution, and origins of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Rocks in their tectonic setting. Petrologic evolution of rocks through time. Examination of rocks in hand specimen and thin section.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 306.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 391 -- Preceptorship  (2 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of instruction and practice in actual service in a department, program, or discipline. Teaching formats may include seminars, in-depth studies, laboratory work and patient study.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 391H -- Honors Preceptorship  (2 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of instruction and practice in actual service in a department, program, or discipline. Teaching formats may include seminars, in-depth studies, laboratory work and patient study.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 392 -- Directed Research  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual or small group research under the guidance of faculty.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  instructor approval required.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 393 -- Internship  (1-15 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 394 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 396H -- Honors Proseminar  (3 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 397A -- Teaching Geosciences  (2-3 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  consult department before enrolling.
May be repeated:  for a total of 12 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 399 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 399H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 400 -- Introduction to Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Nuclear systematics and thermodynamics with applications to geologic processes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, CHEM 104B.
May be convened with:  GEOS 500.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 401 -- Earth Science Teaching Methods and Materials  (3 units)
Description:  Instructional methods in laboratory and classroom, resources development, curriculum planning and assessment.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  22 units in earth sciences.
May be convened with:  GEOS 501.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 402A -- Statistical Analysis of Geological Data  (3 units)
Description:  Application of statistical methods to the analysis of and description of geologic data. Geologic similarity, estimation, classification of geologic objects, and structure of data on multiple features. Examples and case studies from major subdisciplines of geoscience.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 502A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 403 -- Physics of the Solar System  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of planetary physics, planetary motions, planetary interiors, geophysics, planetary atmospheres, asteroids, comets, origin of the solar system.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PHYS 142 or PHYS 251.
Identical to:  PTYS 403; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 503.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 406L -- Conservation Biology in the Field  (1 unit)
Description:  Problem-solving, discussion, and field trips (binoculars required).
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, ECOL 406R.
Identical to:  ECOL 406L; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 506L.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 406R -- Conservation Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Biological principles applied to protection and recovery of threatened and endangered species and the processes whtich link species in natural ecosystems. Biological basis for conservation laws and regulations. Distribution, valuation and sustainable production of biodiversity benefits for humanity.   This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); ECOL 182, ECOL 302; Concurrent registration, ECOL 406R.
Identical to:  ECOL 406R; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 506R.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 407 -- Photogeology  (3 units)
Description:  Use of aerial photographs in geologic mapping.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 304.
Credit for:  1.5 units engineering design, 1.5 units engineering science.
Typical structure:  1 hour lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  G EN 407; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 507.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 411 -- Geology of the Solar System  (4 units)
Description:  Geologic processes and landforms on satellites and the terrestrial planets, their modification under various planetary environments, and methods of analysis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 129 or equivalent.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
May be repeated:  for a total of 8 units of credit.
Identical to:  PTYS 411; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 511.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 414 -- Geology Field Camp  (6 units)
Description:  Field methods in geology; preparation of geologic reports; emphasis on geologic mapping.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $1020 - includes $400 non-refundable deposit applied to special fee.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, GEOS 302, GEOS 304.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 415 -- Geologic Hazards  (2 units)
Description:  Physical aspects of floods, landslides, subsidence, earthquakes, volcanoes, and coastal storms. Role of geology in natural-hazard management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 416 -- Field Studies in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Seismic, magnetic, electrical, and gravity exploration techniques.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  G EN 448 or G EN 548.
Credit for:  3 units engineering design.
Identical to:  G EN 416; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 516.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 417 -- Sedimentary Basin Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Physical mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation, including flexure, thinning and thermal contraction of the lithosphere; isostasy; subsidence analysis; sequence stratigraphy; paleocurrents and sediment provenance; tectonics of sedimentary basins.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 517.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 419 -- Physics of the Earth  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the physics of the solid earth, including thermodynamics, rheology, geomagnetism, gravity, and plate tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 254.
Identical to:  PTYS 419.
May be convened with:  GEOS 519.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 423 -- Regional Structural Geology  (3 units)
Description:  Geologic mapping in a variety of rock types and structural regimes, with emphasis on the recognition and solution of regionally significant structural problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 523.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 425 -- Regional Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of tectonic processes operating within continents, along continental margins, and on the ocean floor.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 304.
May be convened with:  GEOS 525.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 426A -- Research Methods in Aquatic Sciences  (6 units)
Description:  Theory and research methods in tropical limnology, aquatic biology, limnogeology and paleoclimatology. Field course in Africa associated with the Nyanza Project Research Training Program.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Admission to the Nyanza Project.
Typical structure:  6 hours laboratory, 3 hours lecture, 1 hour discussion.
May be convened with:  GEOS 526A.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 430 -- The Chemical Evolution of Earth  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Chemical differentiation and evolution of Earth's mantle and crust according to major-element, trace-element and isotopic characteristics of neodymium, hafnium, strontium, lead and other isotopes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  PTYS 430.
May be convened with:  GEOS 530.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 431 -- Hydrogeology  (4 units)
Description:  Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling the occurrence and dynamics of groundwater on regional and local scales.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, MATH 129.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  HWR 431; HWR is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 531.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 432 -- Introduction to Seismology  (3-5 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the generation, propagation, and interpretation of seismic waves. Two sections: earthquake seismology and exploration seismology. Sections meet together for introduction then students choose one (3 units) or both (5 units) for the remainder of the semester.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 254; consult department before enrolling.
May be convened with:  GEOS 532.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 433 -- Mine Investment Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Economic factors, including taxation, mineral depletion allowance, and finance in the mining industry; includes fundamentals of engineering economics, capital budgeting, and risk analysis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 533.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 434A -- Introduction to Exploration Seismology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory of seismic wave propagation, and techniques of seismic reflection and refraction data acquisition and interpretation applied to exploration of the Earth's lithospheric structure and natural resources. Study of methods to image the crust in 2-D and 3-D.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 124, MATH 129.
May be convened with:  GEOS 534A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 437 -- Economics of Mineral Resource Development and Production  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts and methods of mineral economics; analyses of selected mineral and energy commodities, current economic and political issues, and investment strategies in selected mineral industries.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 537.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 438 -- Biogeography  (3 units)
Description:  The role of historical events and ecological processes in determining the past and present geographic distribution of plants and animals.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 182.
Identical to:  ECOL 438; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 538.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 440 -- Geodynamics and Paleomagnetism  (3 units)
Description:  Large-scale tectonic problems approached by combined geophysical and geologic analysis in regional context.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  20 units of geosciences, MATH 254.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 540.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 446 -- Economic Mineral Deposits  (3 units)
Description:  Geology of metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits. Economic considerations, processes of formation, methods of study and exploration, and description of geologic aspects and settings of representative worldwide examples.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 304, GEOS 306.
May be convened with:  GEOS 546.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 448 -- Geophysical Exploration and Engineering  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of gravity, magnetic, seismic and electrical exploration; acquisition and interpretation of data to define geologic structure and evaluate resources.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PHYS 141, PHYS 241, MATH 223.
Credit for:  1 unit engineering design, 2 units engineering science.
Identical to:  G EN 448; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 548.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 450 -- Geomorphology  (4 units)
Description:  Processes, form, and dynamics of the fluvial system from source to mouth. Introduction to aeolian, glacial, and planetary geomorphology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Identical to:  GEOG 450.
May be convened with:  GEOS 550.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 453 -- Glacial and Quaternary Geology  (3 units)
Description:  Glacial processes, landforms, and deposits. Physical aspects of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change and effects on fluvial, eolian, lacustrine, weathering, and mass movement processes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
May be convened with:  GEOS 553.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 456 -- Thrust Belts and Synorogenic Sediments  (3 units)
Description:  Geometry and mechanics of thrust faults and thrust belts; tectonics of contractional orogenic belts; geomorphology of thrust belts and foreland basin system; depositional systems and provenance of foreland basin sediments; application of orogenic-wedge models.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 302 or equivalent.
May be convened with:  GEOS 556.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 459 -- Thermochronology and its Application to Tectonic Change  (3 units)
Description:  Methods used in geosciences to determine temperature-time histories of crustal terrain's including U/Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, fission track and U/He techniques. Diffusion theory and applications of thermochronology to tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 559.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 462 -- Introduction To Quarternary Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of methods and theories used in reconstructing vegetation and climate. Ocean cores, palynology, dendroclimatology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Identical to:  ANTH 462.
May be convened with:  GEOS 562.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 464 -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 464, WS M 464.
May be convened with:  GEOS 564.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 465 -- Phylogenetic Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts in phylogenetic biology, focusing on the phylogenetic (evolutionary) tree of species. The form of the tree, character evolution, speciation, and gene trees.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 320, ECOL 435; ECOL 476B or GEOS 476A or other course in evolution, or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ECOL 465; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 565.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 469 -- Seismic Data Processing  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory and practical applications of time-series analysis and digital filtering. A problem-solving approach to seismic reflection data process.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 434A or consent of instructor. Recommended, MATH 322 or MATH 422.
May be convened with:  GEOS 569.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 470L -- Volcanology: Laboratory and Field Methods  (1 unit)
Description:  Hand specimen and petrographic examination of volcanic rocks; geologic map exercises; field trips with geologic mapping exercises.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, GEOS 356. Concurrent registration, GEOS 470R.
May be convened with:  GEOS 570L.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 470R -- Volcanology: Physical Processes and Petrologic Applications  (3 units)
Description:  Physical and chemical properties of magmas; physical volcanology of silicic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic magmas, with applications to petrology, extraterrestrial volcanism, mineral deposits, and society.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, GEOS 356. Concurrent registration, GEOS 470L
May be convened with:  GEOS 570R.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 476A -- Analysis of Biological Diversification  (3 units)
Description:  Patterns of biological diversity and the history of diversification and extinction. Phylogenetic analysis will be introduced to address issues in ecology, paleobiology, development and genetics.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); ECOL 181R, ECOL 182; either an evolution or paleobiology course or consent of instructor.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 476A, MCB 476A.
May be convened with:  GEOS 576A.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 476B -- Analysis of Biological Diversification  (3 units)
Description:  Explores approaches to studying biological diversification, integrating phylogenetic biology, ecology, population genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 335 or consent of instructor.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 476B; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 576B.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 477 -- Active Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Regional and subregional examination of faulting, folding, uplift, subsidence, collapse, volcanism, and mass wasting associated with active contemporary deformations of the Earth's crust. Emphasis includes impact on human society.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 577.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 478 -- Global Change  (3 units)
Description:  Analysis of the entire Earth system through an examination of how its component parts and their interactions have changed in the past and may be expected to change in the future.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  upper-division standing, introductory course work in biological and physical sciences.
Identical to:  GEOG 478, HWR 478, ECOL 478, RNR 478.
May be convened with:  GEOS 578.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 481 -- Quarternary Palynology and Plant Macrofossils  (2-4 units)
Description:  Theory and techniques of identification and interpretation of pollen, spores, seeds, leaves, and wood of plants from sediment lakes, marshes, caves, and archeological sites.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 472.
Identical to:  ANTH 481.
May be convened with:  GEOS 581.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 482 -- Paleoclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  Topics in paleoclimatology including prediction of paleoclimatic patterns, proxy paleoclimatic indicators, and paleoclimatic cycles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 582.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 488 -- Soil Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Soil mineralogy and organic matter, weathering and mass balance, stable isotopic tracers and impact on aquatic and atmospheric chemistry.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, CHEM 104B, GEOS 251.
May be convened with:  GEOS 588.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 489 -- Quarternary Geochronology  (3 units)
Description:  Review of quantitative dating techniques for Quaternary geologists, including 14C, U-series, in situ cosmogenic radionuclides, TL, amino acids and others.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, CHEM 104B, GEOS 251.
May be convened with:  GEOS 589.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 490 -- Remote Sensing for the Study of Planet Earth  (3 units)
Description:  A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications pertinent to earth systems science.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  REM 490; REM is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 590.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 492 -- Directed Research  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual or small group research under the guidance of faculty.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 493 -- Internship  (3 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 494 -- Practicum  (3 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 496E -- Topics in Structure and Tectonics  (1-4 units)
Description:  This seminar series is being started to give undergraduate students the opportunity to be involved with the research being done using grant money. Seminar titles and course content will vary depending on the stage of the research being conducted.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  registration by permission only.
May be repeated:  for credit 4 times (maximum 5 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 497C -- Dendrochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 497C, WS M 497C.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597C.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 497I -- Practical Dendroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to paleoclimatology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 497I, WS M 497I.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597I.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 497J -- Dendroarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to a selected topic drawn from archaeology, ecology, forest science, geoscience.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 497J, WS M 497J.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597J.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 498 -- Senior Capstone  (1-3 units)
Description:  A culminating experience for majors involving a substantive project that demonstrates a synthesis of learning accumulated in the major, including broadly comprehensive knowledge of the discipline and its methodologies. Senior standing required.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 498H -- Honors Thesis  (3 units)
Description:  An honors thesis is required of all the students graduating with honors. Students ordinarily sign up for this course as a two-semester sequence. The first semester the student performs research under the supervision of a faculty member; the second semester the student writes an honors thesis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 499 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 499H -- Honors Independent Study  (3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 500 -- Introduction to Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Nuclear systematics and thermodynamics with applications to geologic processes. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research report.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 400.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 501 -- Earth Science Teaching Methods and Materials  (3 units)
Description:  Instructional methods in laboratory and classroom, resources development, curriculum planning and assessment. Graduate-level requirements include two additional projects.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 401.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 502A -- Statistical Analysis of Geological Data  (3 units)
Description:  Application of statistical methods to the analysis of and description of geologic data. Geologic similarity, estimation, classification of geologic objects, and structure of data on multiple features. Examples and case studies from major subdisciplines of geoscience. Graduate-level requirements include an additional term project on an approved topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 402A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 503 -- Physics of the Solar System  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of planetary physics, planetary motions, planetary interiors, geophysics, planetary atmospheres, asteroids, comets, origin of the solar system. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper on a selected topic and an oral class presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 503; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 403.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 505 -- Applied Multispectral Imagery  (3 units)
Description:  Application of image processing to mineral exploration, engineering geology, ground-water location, and pollution monitoring.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  G EN 407.
Identical to:  G EN 505; G EN is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 506L -- Conservation Biology in the Field  (1 unit)
Description:  Problem-solving, discussion, and field trips (binoculars required). Graduate-level requirements include participation as team leaders. Two 3-day weekend trips March-April. Binoculars required.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ECOL 506L; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 406L.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 506R -- Conservation Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Biological principles applied to protection and recovery of threatened and endangered species and the processes whtich link species in natural ecosystems. Biological basis for conservation laws and regulations. Distribution, valuation and sustainable production of biodiversity benefits for humanity. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 506R; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 406R.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 507 -- Photogeology  (3 units)
Description:  Use of aerial photographs in geologic mapping. Graduate-level requirements include completion of an advanced project involving photo interpretation and field mapping.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Credit for:  1.5 units engineering design, 1.5 units engineering science.
Typical structure:  1 hour lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  G EN 507; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 407.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 509 -- Advanced Petrology  (3 units)
Description:  An advanced treatment of the topic based primarily on the principles of classical thermodynamics, reaction-, order-, disorder- and diffusion-kinetics, and heat transfer.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 583 or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 510 -- Principles of Cosmochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Bulk composition of the solar system. Chemical thermodynamics, kinetics, phase equilibria. Application to the differentiation of rocky solar system bodies into metallic cores, silicate mantles, and crusts, oceans and atmospheres.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 510; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 511 -- Geology of the Solar System  (4 units)
Description:  Geologic processes and landforms on satellites and the terrestrial planets, their modification under various planetary environments, and methods of analysis. Graduate-level requirements include an advanced research paper covering some topic in planetary geology with an extensive literature search and evaluation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 8 units of credit.
Identical to:  PTYS 511; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 411.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 512A -- Geoarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  Applications of earth sciences in addressing archeaological questions, emphasizing past landscapes and environments, and site formation. The focus is on stratigraphy, sedimentology, soils, and geomorphology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  one course in archaeology, and one course in geology or physical geography, or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ANTH 512A; ANTH is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 514 -- Late Quarternary Geology  (3 units)
Description:  Paleoenvironment and geochronology of Quaternary alluvium as read from the stratigraphic records and geomorphology at key localities in North America, including selected archaeological sites. Principles of Quaternary stratigraphy emphasizing geochronology, terrestrial processes, stratigraphic records, regional correlation, and comparisons with the deep ocean record and models of climate change.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Identical to:  ANTH 514.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 516 -- Field Studies in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Seismic, magnetic, electrical, and gravity exploration techniques. Graduate-level requirements include additional project work requiring a more in-depth analysis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Credit for:  3 units engineering design.
Identical to:  G EN 516; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 416.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 517 -- Sedimentary Basin Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Physical mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation, including flexure, thinning and thermal contraction of the lithosphere; isostasy; subsidence analysis; sequence stratigraphy; paleocurrents and sediment provenance; tectonics of sedimentary basins. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 544.
May be convened with:  GEOS 417.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 519 -- Physics of the Earth  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the physics of the solid earth, including thermodynamics, rheology, geomagnetism, gravity, and plate tectonics. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper in publication format on some aspect of a major course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 519.
May be convened with:  GEOS 419.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 520 -- Meteorites  (3 units)
Description:  Classification; chemical, mineralogical and isotopic composition; cosmic abundances; ages; interaction with solar and cosmic radiation; relation to comets and asteroids.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PTYS 510.
Identical to:  PTYS 520; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 522 -- Electrical Exploration Methods and Well Logging Interpretation  (3 units)
Description:  Topic A - Electrical Exploration Methods: Electrical properties, resistivity, induced polarization (IP), magnetotellurics (MT), electromagnetics, ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. Applications will include near-surface environmental and geo-engineering site investigations, hydrology and water resources studies, oil and minerals exploration. Topic B - Well Logging Interpretation: Fundamentals of quantitative formation evaluation: Detailed investigation of aspects of well logging applicable to the students' research interests.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  G EN 448 or G EN 548. Consult department before enrolling.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Identical to:  G EN 522; G EN is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 523 -- Regional Structural Geology  (3 units)
Description:  Geologic mapping in a variety of rock types and structural regimes, with emphasis on the recognition and solution of regionally significant structural problems. Graduate-level requirements include additional reading assignments on structural processes and regional geology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 3 times (maximum 4 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 423.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 525 -- Regional Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of tectonic processes operating within continents, along continental margins, and on the ocean floor. Graduate requirements include writing a ~10-page research paper that addresses a significant problem in regional tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 425.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 526A -- Research Methods in Aquatic Sciences  (6 units)
Description:  Theory and research methods in tropical limnology, aquatic biology, limnogeology and paleoclimatology. Field course in Africa associated with the Nyanza Project Research Training Program. Graduate-level requirements include a team-leadership role in organizing research, development of an original research project and must lead student discussion sections.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  6 hours laboratory, 3 hours lecture, 1 hour discussion.
May be convened with:  GEOS 426A.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 527 -- Orogenic Systems  (3 units)
Description:  An analysis of the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry, and the tectonic evolution of selected world mountain systems ranging from currently active belts in both oceanic and continental settings back through Phanerozoic, Proterozoic, and into Archean time.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 528 -- Geologic Characteristics of Ore Occurrence  (3 units)
Description:  Geological, geochemical and geophysical signatures of ore occurrence at the scales of tectonic settings, provinces, district mines.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  or Concurrent registration, GEOS 446 or GEOS 546.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 530 -- The Chemical Evolution of Earth  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Chemical differentiation and evolution of Earth's mantle and crust according to major-element, trace-element and isotopic characteristics of neodymium, hafnium, strontium, lead and other isotopes. Graduate-level requirements will include an additional paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  PTYS 530.
May be convened with:  GEOS 430.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 531 -- Hydrogeology  (4 units)
Description:  Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling the occurrence and dynamics of groundwater on regional and local scales. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper on a topic related to hydrogeology but not covered in lectures.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  HWR 531; HWR is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 431.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 532 -- Introduction to Seismology  (3-5 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the generation, propagation, and interpretation of seismic waves. Two sections: earthquake seismology and exploration seismology. Sections meet together for introduction then students choose one (3 units) or both (5 units) for the remainder of the semester. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 432.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 533 -- Mine Investment Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Economic factors, including taxation, mineral depletion allowance, and finance in the mining industry; includes fundamentals of engineering economics, capital budgeting, and risk analysis. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper on a single aspect of mineral investment to be approved by the instructor.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 433.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 534A -- Introduction to Exploration Seismology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory of seismic wave propagation, and techniques of seismic reflection and refraction data acquisition and interpretation applied to exploration of the Earth's lithospheric structure and natural resources. Study of methods to image the crust in 2-D and 3-D. Graduate students are required to develop 1 more term project with longer paper than undergrads. Graduate student projects are more heavily weighted in determining the total grade. Please see syllabus for the complete grading scale for 434 and 534.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 434A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 535 -- Advanced Subsurface Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced aquifer and well hydraulics; heterogeneity, unsaturated flow; natural and artificial recharge; ground-water and surface-water interaction; mass and heat transport.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 250B or MATH 254 or MATH 355.
Identical to:  HWR 535; HWR is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 537 -- Economics of Mineral Resource Development and Production  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts and methods of mineral economics; analyses of selected mineral and energy commodities, current economic and political issues, and investment strategies in selected mineral industries. Graduate-level requirements include an additional term project on an approved topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 437.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 538 -- Biogeography  (3 units)
Description:  The role of historical events and ecological processes in determining the past and present geographic distribution of plants and animals. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 538; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 438.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 539 -- Analytical Methods in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Transform theory, spectral analysis, asymptotic series, special functions, probability. Applications to geophysical problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 540 -- Geodynamics and Paleomagnetism  (3 units)
Description:  Large-scale tectonic problems approached by combined geophysical and geologic analysis in regional context. Graduate-level requirements include a quantitative modeling project in some aspect of tectonics and a publication-format paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 440.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 541 -- Soil Genesis  (3 units)
Description:  Physical and chemical processes and mineralogy of weathering and soil formation; quantitative pedology; the soil as part of the ecosystem.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, CHEM 103B.
Identical to:  SWES 541; SWES is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 544 -- Advanced Physical Sedimentology  (3 units)
Description:  First half of course deals with mechanics of flows and sediment transport, oscillatory and unidirectional flows, waves and wave theory, bedforms and flow regimes, sediment gravity flows, liquefaction and fluidization. Second half covers physical processes and facies in alluvial fan, fluvial, eolian, deltaic, nearshore, shelf, slope and turbidite fan systems. Emphasis is on clastic systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 302 and MATH 254 or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 546 -- Economic Mineral Deposits  (3 units)
Description:  Geology of metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits. Economic considerations, processes of formation, methods of study and exploration, and description of geologic aspects and settings of representative worldwide examples. Graduate-level requirements include an independent study project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 446.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 548 -- Geophysical Exploration and Engineering  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of gravity, magnetic, seismic and electrical exploration; acquisition and interpretation of data to define geologic structure and evaluate resources. Graduate-level requirements include a special research project collecting and interpreting geophysical field data.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  G EN 548; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 448.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 550 -- Geomorphology  (4 units)
Description:  Processes, form, and dynamics of the fluvial system from source to mouth. Introduction to aeolian, glacial, and planetary geomorphology. Graduate-level requirements include additional discussion section once a week.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ARL 550.
May be convened with:  GEOS 450.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 553 -- Glacial and Quaternary Geology  (3 units)
Description:  Glacial processes, landforms, and deposits. Physical aspects of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change and effects on fluvial, eolian, lacustrine, weathering, and mass movement processes. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research project or term paper in publication format.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 453.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 554 -- Evolution of Planetary Surfaces  (3 units)
Description:  The geologic processes and evolution of terrestrial planet and satellite surfaces including the Galilean and Saturnian and Uranian satellites. Course includes one or two field trips to Meteor Crater or other locales.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 554; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 555 -- Remote Sensing of Planetary Surfaces  (3 units)
Description:  Exploration of planetary surfaces, including that of the Earth, with remote sensing. Emphasis on compositional determination using visible and infrared methods. Basic principles, image and spectroscopic analysis techniques, and case studies in planetary remote sensing.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 555; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 556 -- Thrust Belts and Synorogenic Sediments  (3 units)
Description:  Geometry and mechanics of thrust faults and thrust belts; tectonics of contractional orogenic belts; geomorphology of thrust belts and foreland basin system; depositional systems and provenance of foreland basin sediments; application of orogenic-wedge models. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper on a single aspect of the course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 456.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 559 -- Thermochronology and its Application to Tectonic Change  (3 units)
Description:  Methods used in geosciences to determine temperature-time histories of crustal terrain's including U/Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, fission track and U/He techniques. Diffusion theory and applications of thermochronology to tectonics. Graduate students will be required to present projects at the end of the semester.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 459.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 561 -- Paleoindian Origins  (3 units)
Description:  Chronological development of Paleo-Indian occupation of the New World in relation to environmental changes of the Quaternary Period; site discoveries, case studies, hypothesis on the peopling of the Americas.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 561; ANTH is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 562 -- Introduction To Quarternary Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of methods and theories used in reconstructing vegetation and climate. Ocean cores, palynology, dendroclimatology. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper in publication format.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 462.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 563 -- Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Low Temperature Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Theory and application of light stable and cosmogenic isotopes to hydrological and paleoenvironmental problems. Radiometric dating of ground water.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  HWR 563.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 564 -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper reviewing critically some aspect of dendrochronology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 564, WS M 564.
May be convened with:  GEOS 464.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 565 -- Phylogenetic Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts in phylogenetic biology, focusing on the phylogenetic (evolutionary) tree of species. The form of the tree, character evolution, speciation, and gene trees. Graduate-level requirements include a more in-depth term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 565; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 465.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 567 -- Inverse Problems in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Linear and nonlinear inverse theory, including least squares, generalized and maximum likelihood methods.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  experience with linear algebra and computer programming recommended.
Identical to:  ATMO 567, PTYS 567.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 568 -- Advanced Seismology  (3 units)
Description:  Computational techniques in seismology. The application of synthetic seismograms to model source processes and complex structure.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 432 or GEOS 532.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 569 -- Seismic Data Processing  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory and practical applications of time-series analysis and digital filtering. A problem-solving approach to seismic reflection data process. Graduate-level requirements include a special research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 469.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 570L -- Volcanology: Laboratory and Field Methods  (1 unit)
Description:  Hand specimen and petrographic examination of volcanic rocks; geologic map exercises; field trips with geologic mapping exercises. Graduate students requirement includes completing a group project with an oral presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, GEOS 570R.
May be convened with:  GEOS 470L.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 570R -- Volcanology: Physical Processes and Petrologic Applications  (3 units)
Description:  Physical and chemical properties of magmas; physical volcanology of silicic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic magmas, with applications to petrology, extraterrestrial volcanism, mineral deposits, and society. Graduate requirements include writing a research paper in the middle of the course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, GEOS 570L.
May be convened with:  GEOS 470R.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 571 -- Terrestrial Planets  (3 units)
Description:  Geophysical and geochemical techniques used to deduce composition and evolution of terrestrial planets. Topics include the Earth, Moon, Mars, Venus, and meteorites.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PTYS 510, PTYS 554.
Identical to:  PTYS 571; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 572 -- Global Biogeochemical Cycles  (3 units)
Description:  Study of processes affecting global chemical fluxes. Particular attention to current global concerns, i.e., ozone hole, carbon cycle, climate warming, atmospheric oxidation, hydrologic cycle.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GC 572; GC is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 576A -- Analysis of Biological Diversification  (3 units)
Description:  Patterns of biological diversity and the history of diversification and extinction. Phylogenetic analysis will be introduced to address issues in ecology, paleobiology, development and genetics. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper based on original research.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 576A, MCB 576A.
May be convened with:  GEOS 476A.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 576B -- Analysis of Biological Diversification  (3 units)
Description:  Explores approaches to studying biological diversification, integrating phylogenetic biology, ecology, population genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology. Graduate-level requirements include exploration of the literature to supply a bibliography to the class.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 576B; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 476B.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 577 -- Active Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Regional and subregional examination of faulting, folding, uplift, subsidence, collapse, volcanism, and mass wasting associated with active contemporary deformations of the Earth's crust. Emphasis includes impact on human society. Graduate-level requirements include leadership role on field trips and a special presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 477.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 578 -- Global Change  (3 units)
Description:  Analysis of the entire Earth system through an examination of how its component parts and their interactions have changed in the past and may be expected to change in the future. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper on a topic selected by the student and instructor.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 578, GEOG 578, HWR 578, RNR 578.
May be convened with:  GEOS 478.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 581 -- Quarternary Palynology and Plant Macrofossils  (2-4 units)
Description:  Theory and techniques of identification and interpretation of pollen, spores, seeds, leaves, and wood of plants from sediment lakes, marshes, caves, and archeological sites. Graduate-level requirements include a written report.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ANTH 581.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 582 -- Paleoclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  Topics in paleoclimatology including prediction of paleoclimatic patterns, proxy paleoclimatic indicators, and paleoclimatic cycles. Graduate-level requirements include an additional research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 482.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 583 -- Physical Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of classical and elementary statistical thermodynamics. Thermo-chemical and -physical properties; equations of states for solids and gases; solutions; phase equilibrium; nonideal multicomponent systems with emphasis on geological and planetary problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 125; MATH 129 or MATH 124.
Identical to:  PTYS 583.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 587 -- Nuclear Astrophysics  (3 units)
Description:  A survey of the origin of the elements in stars and the Big Bang. Topics include supernovae and stellar evolution, abundances in meteorites, metal-poor stars, and high-redshift systems, and the nature of the first stars.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ASTR 587; ASTR is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 588 -- Soil Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Soil mineralogy and organic matter, weathering and mass balance, stable isotopic tracers and impact on aquatic and atmospheric chemistry. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper project on a single aspect of the course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 488.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 589 -- Quarternary Geochronology  (3 units)
Description:  Review of quantitative dating techniques for Quaternary geologists, including 14C, U-series, in situ cosmogenic radionuclides, TL, amino acids and others. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper project on a single aspect of the course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 489.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 590 -- Remote Sensing for the Study of Planet Earth  (3 units)
Description:  A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications pertinent to earth systems science. Graduate-level requirements include an additional term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  REM 590; REM is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 490.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 594 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 595A -- Topics in Geosciences  (1 unit)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 595B -- Global Climate Change  (3 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  strong quantitative background in HWR, ATMO, GEOS, or RNR.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ATMO 595B; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall, Summer.

GEOS 595C -- General Circulation Observations and Modeling  (1-3 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ATMO 541A, ATMO 551A, ENGR 170.
Identical to:  ATMO 595C; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring, Summer.

GEOS 595E -- Dendrochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Identical to:  WS M 595E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596A -- Mineralogy-Petrology-Geochemistry  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596B -- Economic Geology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596C -- Geomorphology-Quarternary Geology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596D -- Paleontology-Sedimentary Geology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596E -- Structure-Tectonics  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596F -- Geophysics  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596H -- Geosciences  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Identical to:  CLAS 596H.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 597B -- Phylogenetic Inference  (2 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ENTO 465 or ENTO 565 or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ENTO 597B; ENTO is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 597C -- Dendochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ANTH 597C, WS M 597C.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497C.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 597E -- Spatiotemporal Data Analysis Workshop  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Students will learn to analyze and interpret principal features resolvable in historical climate data sets using two commonly-applied empirical techniques. In parallel we will critically assess similar analyses published in the climate dynamics' literature.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  linear algebra or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 597I -- Practical Dendroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to paleoclimatology. Synthesis and presentation of analytical results by Graduate students.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 597I, WS M 597I.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497I.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 597J -- Dendroarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to a selected topic drawn from archaeology, ecology, forest science, geoscience. Synthesis and presentation of analytical results by graduate students.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 597J, WS M 597J.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497J.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 599 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 646A -- Advanced Ore Deposit Geology  (4 units)
Description:  Geology, characteristics and origins of ore deposits in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Laboratories include field trips, analytical techniques, problem solving.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 446 or GEOS 546.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 650 -- Field Studies in Geomorphology  (3 units)
Description:  Field mapping exercises in geomorphology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 450.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 696J -- Forensic Isotopic Hydrology  (1 unit)
Description:  Study of stable and radioactive isotopes in environmental studies. Emphasis is on applied methods for using isotopes in environmental research (e.g., mass spectrometry methods and instrumentation, standards, error, mixing, fractionation, isotope combinations). Case histories will be explored to illustrate the strengths and limits of each isotopic system.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 2 times (maximum 3 enrollments).
Identical to:  HWR 696J; HWR is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 900 -- Research  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual research, not related to thesis or dissertation preparation, by graduate students.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 909 -- Master's Report  (1-9 units)
Description:  Individual study or special project or formal report thereof submitted in lieu of thesis for certain master's degrees.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 910 -- Thesis  (1-6 units)
Description:  Research for the master's thesis (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or thesis writing). Maximum total credit permitted varies with the major department.
Grading:  Alternative grades